Secretory phase of menstruation and implantation

Role of nitric oxide in implantation and menstruation.

Nitric oxide (NO) is a major paracrine mediator of various biological processes, including vascular functions and inflammation. In blood vessels, NO is produced by the low-input constitutive endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and is a potent vasodilator and platelet aggregation inhibitor. The inducible NOS isoform (iNOS) is capable of producing NO at high concentrations which have pro-inflammatory ...

Decoding implantation and menstruation: the tale of two opposing signals.

Human endometrium is a unique tissue that undergoes sequential phases of proliferation, and secretory changes followed by tissue shedding and bleeding during menstruation. Tissue remodeling is a distinct feature of human endometrium in the secretory phase which prepares endometrium for implantation during the "receptive phase" of the cycle. A discrete dissolution of extracellular matrix (ECM) b...

Hysteroscopic appearance of the mid-secretory endometrium: relationship to early phase pregnancy outcome after implantation.

A total of 172 patients who underwent hysteroscopic assessment of the endometrium and then became pregnant, was analysed retrospectively to explore the relationship between endoscopic findings and early phase pregnancy outcome after implantation. Histological examination of the endometrium and assay of serum progesterone and oestrogen were carried out simultaneously with hysteroscopy. Of 172 pa...

Case of Vicarious Menstruation

Woman, moon and menstruation.

“The pituitary has an intrinsic rhythm of small amplitude with a frequency of every two to ten minutes. Superimposed on this intrinsic rhythm is a rhythm caused by the pulsatile release of hypophysiotropic releasing factors, with or without the withdrawal of a corresponding inhibitory factor. Rhythms that are shorter than a day are referred to as ultradian rhythms. The next layer of rhythmicity...